chapter-18

HOW TO CHECK YOUR STANDING AS AN

AMATEUR ETYMOLOGIST

(Answers to Teaser Questions in Chapters 3–7,

9–12, and 14–16)

CHAPTER 3:

1. Anthropocentric (an′-thrƏ-pƏ-SEN′-trik), an adjective built on

anthropos, mankind; Greek kentron, center, and the adjective suffix -

ic, describes thinking, assumptions, reasoning, etc. that see mankind

as the central fact, or ultimate aim, of the universe. The noun forms

are

either

anthropocentrism

(an′-thrƏ-pƏ-SEN′-triz-Əm)

anthropocentricity (an′-thrƏ-pō′-sƏn-TRIS′-Ə-tee).

2. Andromania (an′-drƏ-MAY′-nee-Ə), a combination of andros,

man (male), plus mania, madness, signifies an obsession with males.

Person: andromaniac, one who is mad about men; adjective:

andromaniacal (an′-drƏ-mƏ-NĪ′-Ə-kƏl).

3. Gynandrous (jī-NAN′-drƏs), combining gyne, woman, with

andros, man (male), describes:

a. plants in which the male and female organs are united in the

same column; or

b. people who physically have both male and female sexual

organs, often one or both in rudimentary form; or

c. (a more recent meaning) people who exhibit, or are willing to

own up to, the male and female emotional characteristics that

everyone possesses.

The word may have the roots in reverse, becoming androgynous

(an-DROJ′-Ə-nƏs), with all three meanings identical to those of

gynandrous.

Hermaphroditic (hur-maf′-rƏ-DIT′-ik), a combination of Hermes, the

Greek god who served as messenger or herald (in Roman

mythology, this god was known as Mercury, and is conventionally

pictured with wings on his heels), and Aphrodite, the Greek goddess

of love and beauty (in Roman mythology, Venus), has either of the

first two meanings of gynandrous.

The noun form of gynandrous is gynandry (jī-NAN′-dree); of

androgynous,

androgyny

(an-DROJ′-Ə-nee);

hermaphroditic,

hermaphroditism (hur-MAF′-rƏ-dī′-tiz-Əm).

The individual plant is an andrognye (AN′-drƏ-jin); plant or

person, a hermaphrodite (hur-MAF′-rƏ-dīt′).

4. Monomania (mon-Ə-MAY′-nee-Ə), combining monos, one, and

mania, madness, is an obsession with one thing, or obsessiveness in

one area. Person: monomaniac; adjective: monomaniacal (mon′-Ə-mƏ-

NĪ′-Ə-kƏl).

5. A misandrist (mis-AN′-drist), combining misein, to hate, with

andros, man (male), hates men. Noun: misandry (mis-AN′-dree).

Adjective: misandrous (mis-AN′-drƏs).

Check your learning

ROOT

MEANING

1. anthropos

_________________

EXAMPLE anthropocentric

2. kentron

_________________

EXAMPLE anthropocentrism

3. andros

_________________

EXAMPLE andromania

4. mania

_________________

EXAMPLE andromaniac

5. gyne

_________________

EXAMPLE gynandrous

6. Hermes

_________________

EXAMPLE hermaphrodite

7. Aphrodite

_________________

EXAMPLE hermaphroditic

8. monos

_________________

EXAMPLE monomania

9. misein

_________________

EXAMPLE misandry

KEY: 1–mankind, 2–center, 3–man (male), 4–madness, 5–woman,

6–Hermes, the messenger of the gods, 7–Aphrodite, goddess

of love and beauty, 8–one, 9–to hate

CHAPTER 4:

1. Pedodontia (pee-dƏ-DON′-shƏ) is the specialty of child dentistry

—paidos, child, plus odontos, tooth. Specialist: pedodontist. Adjective:

pedodontic.

2. Cardialgia (kahr′-dee-AL′-jƏ), heart pain—kardia, heart, plus

algos, pain.

3. Odontalgia (ō′-don-TAL′-jƏ), toothache.

4. Nostalgia (nos-TAL′-jƏ). Adjective: nostalgic.

Check your learning

PREFIX, ROOT

MEANING

1. padios (ped-)

_________________

EXAMPLE pedodontia

2. kardia

_________________

EXAMPLE cardialgia

3. algos

_________________

EXAMPLE odontalgia

4. odontos

_________________

EXAMPLE pedodontist

KEY: 1–child, 2–heart, 3–pain, 4–tooth, 5–a return

CHAPTER 5:

1. Eighty to eighty-nine years old. From Latin octoginta, eighty.

People of other ages are as follows:

(a) 50–59: quinquagenarian (kwin′-kwƏ-jƏ-NAIR′-ee-Ən)

(b) 60–69: sexagenarian (seks′-Ə-jƏ-NAIR′-ee-Ən)

ōō

-Ə-jƏ-NAIR′-ee-Ən)

(d) 90–99: nonagenarian (non′-Ə-jƏ-NAIR′-ee-Ən)

(e) 100 and over: centenarian (sen′-te-NAIR′-ee-Ən)

2. Cacophony (kƏ-KOF′-Ə-nee). Adjective: cacophonous (kƏ-KOF′-Ə-

nƏs).

3. Cacopygian (kak′-Ə-PIJ′-ee-Ən).

4. Telescope (tele- plus skopein, to view) or telebinoculars; telephone;

television.

Check your learning

PREFIX, ROOT

MEANING

1. octoginta

_________________

EXAMPLE octogenarian

2. quinquaginta

_________________

EXAMPLE quinquagenarian

3. sexaginta

_________________

EXAMPLE sexagenarian

4. septuaginta

_________________

EXAMPLE septuagenarian

5. nonaginta

_________________

EXAMPLE nonagenarian

6. centum

_________________

EXAMPLE centenarian

7. kakos

_________________

EXAMPLE cacophony

8. phone

_________________

EXAMPLE cacophonous

9. pyge

_________________

EXAMPLE cacopygian

10. tele-

_________________

EXAMPLE television

11. skopein

_________________

EXAMPLE telescope

KEY: 1–eighty, 2–fifty, 3–sixty, 4–seventy, 5–ninety, 6–one

hundred, 7–ugly, harsh, bad, 8–sound, 9–buttock, 10–

distance, from afar, 11–to view

CHAPTER 6:

1. Sophomore; from sophos plus moros, foolish, the word

etymologically designates one who is half wise and half foolish. The

adjective sophomoric (sof-Ə-MAWR′-ik) describes people, attitudes,

statements, writings, etc. that are highly opinionated, self-assured,

and coming off as if wise, but which in reality are immature,

inexperienced, foolish, etc.

2. Sophisticated (sƏ-FIS′-tƏ-kay′-tƏd). The verb is sophisticate, the

noun sophistication. One who is worldly-wise is a sophisticate (sƏ-FIS′-

tƏ-kƏt).

Sophisticated has in recent years taken on the added meaning of

highly developed, mature, or complicated; appealing to a mature

intellect; or aware and knowledgeable. Examples: sophisticated

machinery, electronic equipment; a sophisticated approach; a

sophisticated audience, group, staff, faculty, etc.

3. One who is obsessed with books, especially with collecting

books.

4. (a) speaking one language, (b) speaking two languages, (c)

speaking three languages.

Multilingual

(multus,

many,

plus

lingua)—speaking

many

languages.

A linguist is one who is fluent in many languages, or else an expert

in linguistics (or both).

Multus, as indicated, means many, as in multitude, multiply,

multiple, multicolored, multifarious, multilateral, etc., etc.

5. (a) France, (b) Russia, (c) Spain, (d) Germany, (e) Japan, (f)

China.

6. (a) androphile, (b) gynephile (or philogynist), (c) pedophile, (d)

zoophile, (e) botanophile.

But pedophilia (pee′-dƏ-FIL′-ee-Ə) is another story. A pedophiliac

sexually molests young children—such love little kids can do

without!

Check your learning

PREFIX, ROOT

MEANING

1. sophos

_________________

EXAMPLE sophomore

2. moros

_________________

EXAMPLE sophomoric

3. biblion

_________________

EXAMPLE bibliomaniac

4. mania

_________________

EXAMPLE bibliomania

5. lingua

_________________

EXAMPLE linguist

6. monos

_________________

EXAMPLE monolingual

7. bi-

_________________

EXAMPLE bilingual

8. tri-

_________________

EXAMPLE trilingual

9. multus

_________________

EXAMPLE multilingual

10. Franco-

_________________

EXAMPLE Francophile

11. Russo-

_________________

EXAMPLE Russophile

12. Hispano-

_________________

EXAMPLE Hispanophile

13. Germano-

_________________

EXAMPLE Germanophile

14. Nippono-

_________________

EXAMPLE Nipponophile

15. Sino-

_________________

EXAMPLE Sinophile

16. andros

_________________

EXAMPLE androphile

17. gyne

_________________

EXAMPLE gynephile

18. philein

_________________

EXAMPLE philogynist

19. paidos (ped-)

_________________

EXAMPLE pedophile

KEY: 1–wise, 2–foolish, 3–book, 4–madness, 5–tongue, 6–one, 7–

two, 8–three, 9–many, 10–France, 11–Russia, 12–Spain, 13–

Germany, 14–Japan, 15–China, 16–man (male), 17–woman,

18–to love, 19–child, 20–animal, 21–plant

CHAPTER 7:

1. A notable is someone well-known.

2. To notify is, etymologically, to make known—notus + -fy, a

derivation of facio, to make.

Notice, as a noun, is what makes something known; to notice, as a

verb, is to observe (something or someone) so that it, he, or she

becomes known to the observer.

-Fy, as a verb suffix, means to make. So simplify is to make simple,

clarify, to make clear; liquefy, to make liquid; putrefy, to make (or

become) rotten or putrid; stupefy, to make stupid, or dumb, with

astonishment (note the -e preceding the suffix in liquefy, putrefy,

stupefy); fortify, to make strong; rectify, to make right or correct; etc.,

etc.

3. Chronograph (KRON′-Ə-graf′) is an instrument that measures

and records short intervals of time.

4. To generate is to give birth to, figuratively, or to create or

produce, as a turbine generates power, a person’s presence generates

fear, etc. The noun is generation, which, in another context, also

designates the people born and living about the same time (the

older, previous, or next generation, the Depression generation, etc.),

or a period, conventionally set at about thirty years, between such

groups of people.

To regenerate is to give birth to again, or to be born again. Some

creatures can regenerate new limbs or parts if these are lost or cut off

—or the limbs or parts regenerate.

Re- means, of course, again; or, in some words, as recede, regress,

etc., back.

5. Omnipotent (om-NIP′-Ə-tƏnt)—all-powerful; omnis plus potens,

potentis, powerful.

Omnipresent (om′-nƏ-PREZ′-Ənt)—present all over, or everywhere.

Nouns: omnipotence, omnipresence.

6. Anaphrodisiac (Ən-af′-rƏ-DIZ′-ee-ak′)—both a noun and an

adjective. Saltpeter is supposedly an anaphrodisiac; so, some people

say, is a cold shower, which is highly doubtful. The best temporary

anaphrodisiac is probably sexual intercourse. Some women who

were teen-agers when Elvis Presley was at the height of his

popularity have told me that the young man’s gyrating hips were

aphrodisiacal—I will take their word for it, as Elvis has never turned

me on. On the other hand, if you want to talk about Diane Keaton or

Raquel Welch … or especially Marilyn Monroe…

Check your learning

PREFIX, ROOT

MEANING

1. notus

_________________

EXAMPLE notify

2. chronos

_________________

EXAMPLE chronograph

3. graphein

_________________

EXAMPLE chronographic

4. genesis

_________________

EXAMPLE generate

5. re-

_________________

EXAMPLE regenerate

KEY: 1–known, 2–time, 3–to write, 4–birth, 5–again, 6–all, 7–

powerful, 8–not (negative)

CHAPTER 9:

1. Magnanimity (mag′-nƏ-NIM′-Ə-tee). Adjective: magnanimous

(mag-NAN′-Ə-mƏs).

2. Bilateral (bī-LAT′-Ər-Əl), as in a bilateral decision, i.e., one made

by the two sides or two people involved. On the other hand, a

unilateral (y

ōō

-nƏ-LAT′-Ər-Əl) decision is made by one person,

without consultation with others.

3. Transcribe. Noun: transcription. A stenographer transcribes

shorthand notes into English words, or a musical transcriber arranges

or adapts a musical composition for an instrument, group, etc. other

than the one for which the work was originally written.

4. Malaria was once thought to have been caused by the “bad air”

of swamps; actually, it was (and is) transmitted to humans by

infected anopheles mosquitoes breeding and living in swamps and

other places where there is stagnant water.

5. Confection. The word is hardly used much today with this

meaning, except perhaps by members of an older generation who

remember confectioner’s shops and confectionery stores. Now such

places are called ice cream stores (or ice cream parlors) and are run, at

least on the west coast, by Baskin-Robbins or Farrell’s; or they are

called candy shops; or, when I was growing up, candy stores, where

the kids all hung out, and candies could be bought for a penny

apiece, with Hershey bars selling for a nickel (that’s why they are

called “the good old days”).

Check your learning

PREFIX, ROOT

MEANING

1. magnus

_________________

EXAMPLE magnanimous

2. animus

_________________

EXAMPLE magnanimity

3. bi-

_________________

EXAMPLE bilateral

4. unus

_________________

EXAMPLE unilateral

5. latus, lateris

_________________

EXAMPLE unilateral

6. trans-

_________________

EXAMPLE transcribe

7. scribo, scriptus

_________________

EXAMPLE transcription

8. malus

_________________

EXAMPLE malaria

9. con-

_________________

EXAMPLE confection

10. facio (fec-)

_________________

EXAMPLE confectionery

KEY: 1–big, large, great, 2–mind, 3–two, 4–one, 5–side, 6–across,

7–to write, 8–bad, evil, 9–together, 10–to make

CHAPTER 10:

1. Modus operandi. Method (or mode) of working (or operating).

Pronounced MŌ′-dƏs op′-Ə-RAN′-dī, the word is not, of course,

restricted to the special methods used by a criminal, but may refer

to the method or style of operating characteristic of any other

professional. Modus vivendi (MŌ′dƏs vƏ-VEN′-dī), etymologically

“method of living,” is the style of life characteristic of a person or

group.

2. Circumscription. To circumscribe also means, figuratively, to

write (a line) around (one’s freedom of action), so that one is

restricted, limited, hemmed in, as in, “a life circumscribed by

poverty, by parental injunctions, or by an overactive conscience,

etc.,” or “actions circumscribed by legal restraints.” The noun

circumscription has the figurative meaning also.

3. Somniloquent (sƏm-NIL′-Ə-kwƏnt). Noun: somniloquence (sƏm-

NIL′-Ə-kwƏns) or somniloquy (sƏm-NIL′-Ə-kwee), the latter noun also

designating the words spoken by the sleeper. One who habitually

talks while asleep is a somniloquist (sƏm-NIL′-Ə-kwist).

4. An aurist is an ear specialist, more commonly called an otologist

(ō-TOL′-Ə-jist), from Greek otos, ear. Noun: otology. Adjective:

otological (ō-tƏ-LOJ′-Ə-kƏl).

It is difficult at this point to resist telling a well-known story

about medical specialists. In fact it’s impossible to resist, so here it

is:

A dentist, doing his first extraction on a patient, was

understandably nervous. When he got the molar out, his hand

shook, he lost his grip on the instrument, and the tooth dropped

down into the patient’s throat.

“Sorry,” said the doctor. “You’re outside my specialty now. You

should see a laryngologist! [lair′-ing-GOL′-Ə-jist—a larynx or throat

specialist].”

By the time the unfortunate victim got to the laryngologist, the

tooth had worked its way much further down.

The laryngologist examined the man.

“Sorry,” said the doctor, “You’re outside my specialty now. You

should see a gastrologist! [gas-TROL′-Ə-jist—a stomach specialist].”

The gastrologist X-rayed the patient. “Sorry,” said the doctor, “the

tooth has traveled into your lower intestines. You should see an

enterologist! [en′-tƏ-ROL′-Ə-jist—an intestinal specialist].”

The enterologist took some X rays. “Sorry, the tooth isn’t there. It

must have gone down farther. You should see a proctologist! [prok-

TOL′-Ə-jist—a specialist in diseases of the rectum; from Greek

proktos, anus].”

Our patient is now on the proctologist’s examining table, in the

proper elbow-knee position. The doctor has inserted a proctoscope

and is looking through it.

“Good heavens, man! You’ve got a tooth up there! You should see

a dentist!”

5. Aural (AWR-Əl) refers to the ears or to the sense or

phenomenon of hearing. Monaural reproduction, as of music over a

radio or by a phonograph record, for example, has only one source

of sound, and technically should be called monophonic (mon′-Ə-

FON′-ik)—monos, one, plus phone, sound. Binaural may mean having

two ears or involving the use of both ears, or, recently, descriptive of

sound from two sources, giving a stereophonic (steer′-ee-Ə-FON′-ik)

effect—stereos, deep, solid, plus phone.

6. A noctambulist (nok-TAM′-byƏ-list) walks at night—nox, noctis,

night, plus ambulo, to walk. Noun: noctambulism (nok-TAM′-byƏ-liz-

Əm).

7. Somnific (som-NIF′-ik): a somnific lecture, movie, effect, etc.

8. Circumambulate (sur′-kƏm-AM′-byƏ-layt′). To circumnavigate is

to sail around—circum, around, plus navis, ship.

Check your learning

PREFIX, ROOT

MEANING

1. modus

_________________

EXAMPLE modus operandi

2. operandi

_________________

EXAMPLE modus operandi

3. vivo

_________________

EXAMPLE modus vivendi

4. circum-

_________________

EXAMPLE circumscribe

5. scribo, scriptus

_________________

EXAMPLE circumscription

6. somnus

_________________

EXAMPLE somniloquent

7. loquor

_________________

EXAMPLE somniloquence

8. aurus

_________________

EXAMPLE aurist

9. otos

_________________

EXAMPLE otology

10. proktos

_________________

EXAMPLE proctologist

11. stereos

_________________

EXAMPLE stereophonic

12. phone

_________________

EXAMPLE stereophonic

13. monos

_________________

EXAMPLE monaural

14. bi-

_________________

EXAMPLE binaural

15. nox, noctis

_________________

EXAMPLE noctambulist

16. ambulo

_________________

EXAMPLE noctambulism

17. facio (fic-)

_________________

EXAMPLE somnific

KEY: 1–mode, method, 2–of working, 3–to live, 4–around, 5–to

write, 6–sleep, 7–to speak, to talk, 8–ear, 9–ear, 10–anus, 11–

deep, solid, 12–sound, 13–one, 14–two, 15–night, 16–to walk,

17–to make

CHAPTER 11:

1. Matronymic (mat′-rƏ-NIM′-ik). Or, if you prefer to use the Greek

root for mother (meter, metr-), metronymic. The Greek word metra,

uterus, derives from meter, naturally enough, so metritis is

inflammation of the uterus; metralgia is uterine pain; endometriosis

(en′-dō-mee′-tree-Ō′-sis) is any abnormal condition of the uterine

lining—endo, inside; metra, uterus; -osis, abnormal condition.

2. (a) An incendiary statement, remark, speech, etc. figuratively

enflames an audience, sets them afire, gets them excited,

galvanizes them into action, etc.

(b) Incense (IN′-sens) is a substance that sends off a pleasant

odor when burned—often, but not necessarily, to mask

unpleasant or telltale smells, as of marijuana smoke, etc.

“I’m all burned up” is etymologically an accurate translation

of “I’m incensed.”

3. (a) Ardent (AHR′-dƏnt)—burning with zeal, ambition, love, etc.,

as an ardent suitor, worker, etc.

(b) Ardor (AHR′-dƏr)—the noun form of ardent—burning

passion, zeal, enthusiasm, etc. Alternate noun: ardency

(AHR′-dƏn-see).

4. Megaphone.

5. Megalopolis (meg′-Ə-LOP′-Ə-lis).

6. Police. Politics.

7. Bibliokleptomaniac (bib′-lee-ō-klep′-tƏ-MAY′-nee-ak): one who

has an obsession for stealing books. Not too many years ago, an

author titled his book, Steal This Book!, perhaps hoping to appeal to

bibliokleptomaniacs; if the appeal was successful enough, his royalty

statements must have been minuscule indeed!

Gynekleptomaniac.

Pedokleptomaniac.

Androkleptomaniac.

Demokleptomaniac.

If you prefer to use shorter words, compulsive kidnapper or

obsessive abductor will do as well for these words.

8. Acromaniac.

Agoramaniac.

Claustromaniac.

9. Kleptophobe; pyrophobe; gynephobe; androphobe; demophobe.

Triskaidekaphobia (tris′-kī-dek′-Ə-FŌ′-bee-Ə) is the morbid dread of

the number 13, from Greek triskai, three, deka, ten, and phobia.

10. Gnosiology (nō′-see-OL′-Ə-jee), the science or study of

knowledge.

11. Amadeus is love (Latin amor) God (Latin deus). Theophilus is

love (Greek philos) God (Greek theos). Gottlieb is love (German Lieb)

God (German Gott).

Perhaps this explains why he started composing at the age of four

and wrote forty-one symphonies.

12. Cellophane—cellulose made to be transparent, i.e., to show

what’s wrapped in it.

13. Hypoglycemia (hī-pō-glī-SEE′-mee-Ə)—low blood sugar, a

common ailment today, though I believe the AMA has called it a

“non-disease” (Greek hypos, under; glykys, sweet; haima, blood).

Haima, blood, is found in many English words, the root spelled

either hem- or -em. Here are a few, with their etymological

interpretations:

(a) Hemorrhage—excessive blood flow.

(b) Anemia—“no blood”—actually a pathological reduction of

red blood corpuscles.

(d) Hemophilia—“love of blood”—actually a hereditary

condition, occurring in males, in which the blood clots too

slowly.

(e) Hemoglobin—“blood gobules”—actually the red coloring

matter of the red blood corpuscles.

Hyperglycemia is the opposite of hypoglycemia.

14. (a) Pantheon (PAN′-thee-on′)—a temple built in Rome in 27

B.C. for “all the gods.”

(b) Pandemonium (pan′-dƏ-MŌ′-nee-Əm)—a word supposedly

coined by poet John Milton in Paradise Lost to signify the

dwelling place of all the demons; now any wild and noisy

disorder.

a picture of such a view) all around—pan, all, plus horama,

view. The adjective: panoramic (pan′-Ə-RAM′-ik).

15. Monarchy—rule by one person.

Check your learning

PREFIX, ROOT

MEANING

1. mater, matris

_________________

EXAMPLE matronymic

2. onyma

_________________

EXAMPLE metronymic

3. meter

_________________

EXAMPLE metronymic

4. metra

_________________

EXAMPLE metritis

5. endo-

_________________

EXAMPLE endometriosis

6. incendo, incensus

_________________

EXAMPLE incendiary

7. ardo

_________________

EXAMPLE ardent

8. megalo-

_________________

EXAMPLE megalopolis

9. polis

_________________

EXAMPLE police

10. demos

_________________

EXAMPLE demokleptomaniac

11. akros

_________________

EXAMPLE acromaniac

12. agora

_________________

EXAMPLE agoramaniac

13. claustrum

_________________

EXAMPLE claustromaniac

14. triskai

_________________

EXAMPLE triskaidekaphobia

15. deka

_________________

EXAMPLE triskaidekaphobia

16. gnosis

_________________

EXAMPLE gnosiology

17. amor

_________________

EXAMPLE Amadeus

18. deus

_________________

EXAMPLE deity

19. theos

_________________

EXAMPLE Theophilus

20. philos

_________________

EXAMPLE hemophilia

21. phanein

_________________

EXAMPLE cellophane

22. hypos

_________________

EXAMPLE hypoglycemia

23. glykys

_________________

EXAMPLE hypoglycemia

24. haima

_________________

EXAMPLE hemorrhage

25. an-

_________________

EXAMPLE anemia

26. hyper-

_________________

EXAMPLE hyperglycemia

27. pan

_________________

EXAMPLE Pantheon

KEY: 1–mother, 2–name, 3–mother, 4–uterus, 5–inside, 6–to set on

fire, 7–to burn, 8–big, large, great, 9–city, 10–people, 11–

highest, 12–market place, 13–enclosed place, 14–three, 15–

ten, 16–knowledge, 17–love, 18–God, 19–God, 20–love, 21–to

show, 22–under, 23–sweet, 24–blood, 25–not, negative, 26–

over, 27–all, 28–view, 29–to rule, 30–one

CHAPTER 12:

1. Survive. Noun: survival.

2. Vivarium (vī-VAIR′-ee-Əm)—enclosed area in which plants and

(small) animals live in conditions resembling their natural habitat.

The suffix -ium usually signifies place where—solarium, a place for

the sun to enter, or where one can sunbathe; aquarium, a place for

water (Latin aqua, water), or fish tank; podium, a place for the feet

(Greek podos, foot), or speaker’s platform; auditorium, a place for

hearing (or listening to) concerts, plays, etc. (Latin audio, to hear).

3. Vita (VĪ′-tƏ), etymologically, life, is one’s professional or career

résumé.

4. (a) Unicorn (Latin cornu, horn).

(b) Uniform.

(d) Unity.

(e) Unicycle (Greek kyklos, circle, wheel).

5. Anniversary—a year has turned.

6. (a) Universe—everything turning as one.

(b) University—highest institute of education—universal

subjects taught, learned, etc., i.e., the curriculum covers the

universe, is in no way restricted, etc.

7. (a) Interstate.

(b) International.

(d) Interrupt (Latin rumpo, ruptus, to break).

(e) Interpersonal.

8. (a) Intrastate.

(b) Intranational.

(d) Intramuscular.

Check your learning

PREFIX, ROOT

MEANING

1. vivo

_________________

EXAMPLE survive

2. podos

_________________

EXAMPLE podium

3. vita

_________________

EXAMPLE vita

4. cornu

_________________

EXAMPLE unicorn

5. kyklos

_________________

EXAMPLE unicycle

6. annus

_________________

EXAMPLE anniversary

7. verto, versus

_________________

EXAMPLE universe

KEY: 1–to live, 2–foot, 3—life, 4–horn, 5–circle, wheel, 6–year, 7–

to turn, 8–one, 9–between, 10–within

CHAPTER 14:

1. “View of Death.”

2. Thanatology.

3. (a) Prophesy (PROF′-Ə-sī′).

(b) Prophecy (PROF′-Ə-see).

4. (a) Predict.

(b) Prediction.

5. Nostopathy—“disease” (tensions, insecurities, conflicts) on

returning home after leaving the service. Some veterans could not

face the freedom and responsibilities of being on their own. The

Army, Navy, or Air Force had fed and clothed them and made

decisions for them; now they had to readjust to civilian life.

6. (a) Vulpicide.

(b) Lupicide.

(d) Ursicide.

7. (a) Piscivorous (pƏ-SIV′-Ər-Əs).

(b) Insectivorous (in′-sek-TIV′-Ər-Əs).

8. Canaries, what else?

9. Potentiate (pƏ-TEN′-shee-ayt′).

Check your learning

PREFIX, ROOT

MEANING

1. thanatos

_________________

EXAMPLE thanatology

2. logos

_________________

EXAMPLE thanatology

3. opsis

_________________

EXAMPLE Thanatopsis

4. pheme

_________________

EXAMPLE prophecy

5. pro-

_________________

EXAMPLE prophet

6. pre-

_________________

EXAMPLE predict

7. dico, dictus

_________________

EXAMPLE predict

8. nostos

_________________

EXAMPLE nostopathy

9. pathos

_________________

EXAMPLE nostopathy

10. vulpus

_________________

EXAMPLE vulpicide

11. lupus

_________________

EXAMPLE lupicide

12. felis

_________________

EXAMPLE felicide

13. ursus

_________________

EXAMPLE ursicide

14. piscis

_________________

EXAMPLE piscivorous

15. voro

_________________

EXAMPLE insectivorous

16. caedo (-cide)

_________________

EXAMPLE insecticide

17. canis

_________________

EXAMPLE canary

18. potens, potentis

_________________

EXAMPLE potentiate

KEY: 1–death, 2–science, study, 3–view, 4–voice, 5–beforehand 6–

before, 7–to say or tell, 8–a return, 9–disease, 10–fox, 11–

wolf, 12–cat, 13–bear, 14–fish, 15–devour, 16–to kill (killing),

17–dog, 18–powerful

CHAPTER 15:

1. Synagogue.

2. Symbiosis (sim′-bī-Ō′-sis). Adjective: symbiotic (sim′-bī-OT′-ik).

People (for example lovers, spouses, parent and child, etc.) also

may live in a symbiotic relationship, each depending on the other for

important services, emotional needs, etc.; each also providing these

for the other.

3. Symphony; symphonic.

4. Symmetry (SIM′-Ə-tree); symmetrical

(sƏ-MET′-rƏ-kƏl)

symmetric (sƏ-MET′-rik).

5. Syndrome (SIN′-drōm).

6. Hippodrome (HIP′-Ə-drōm′); the word today is often used as the

name of a movie theater or other place of entertainment.

7. Hippopotamus.

Check your learning

PREFIX, ROOT

MEANING

1. syn-

_________________

EXAMPLE synagogue

2. agogos

_________________

EXAMPLE synagogue

3. bios

_________________

EXAMPLE symbiosis

4. phone

_________________

EXAMPLE symphonic

5. metron

_________________

EXAMPLE symmetry

6. dromos

_________________

EXAMPLE syndrome

7. hippos

_________________

EXAMPLE hippodrome

8. potamos

_________________

EXAMPLE hippopotamus

KEY: 1–with, together, 2–leader, leading, 3–life, 4–sound, 5–

measurement, 6–a running, 7–horse, 8–river

CHAPTER 16:

1. Non sequitur (non SEK′-wƏ-tƏr)—“it does not follow.”

2. (a) Second—following after the first.

(b) Consecutive—following in proper order

hence to annoy, harass continually for no good reason.

(d) Prosecute—to follow before; hence to pursue (something)

diligently or vigorously in order to complete it successfully

(prosecute a campaign); or to start, or engage in, legal

proceedings against, especially in an official capacity.

3. (a) Superior.

(b) Superficial.

ōō

-Əs). Noun: superfluity (s

ōō

′-pƏr-

FLOO′-Ə-tee).

(d) Supernatural.

(e) Supervise.

4. (a) Cadence (KAY′-dƏns)—fall and rise of the voice in speaking;

hence inflection, rhythm beat, etc. of sound or music.

Adjective: cadent (KAY′-dƏnt).

(b) Occidental (ok′-sƏ-DEN′-tƏl)—etymologically, falling. Hence

relating to western countries, since the sun falls in the west;

also, a native of such a country. Noun: Occident (OK′-sƏ-

dƏnt). The sun rises in the east, so Latin orior, to rise, is the

origin of the Orient, oriental, etc., and also of the verb orient

(AW′-ree-ent′). To orient is to adjust to a place or situation;

etymologically, to turn, or face, east. Noun: orientation. “I’m

finally oriented” does not mean that I’m easternized or facing

east, but that I have become familiar with, and comfortable

in, a place, job, situation, etc. So to disorient (dis-AW′-ree-

ent′) is to remove (someone’s) orientation, or to confuse or

bewilder, especially in reference to locality, direction, etc.

Noun: disorientation.

ōō

-Əs)—falling down (Latin prefix de-).

This adjective refers to trees whose leaves fall (down) every

autumn.

(d) Incident—that which falls upon, befalls, or happens.

(e) Accident—that which falls to (ac- is a respelling of ad-, to,

toward) someone or something (by chance).

(f) Coincidence—co- is a respelling of con-, together. A

coincidence occurs when two things befall, or happen,

together, or at the same time, and by chance.

5. Indolent (IN′-dƏ-lƏnt). Noun: indolence (IN′-dƏ-lƏns).

6. Dolores—from Spanish Maria de los Dolores, Mary of the

Sorrows; hence, I guess, someone who is generally sorrowful,

though the few Doloreses I have known do not live up to their

etymology.

Check your learning

PREFIX, ROOT

MEANING

1. sequor, secutus

_________________

EXAMPLE non sequitur, second

2. per-

_________________

EXAMPLE persecute

3. pro-

_________________

EXAMPLE prosecute

4. super-

_________________

EXAMPLE superior

5. fluo

_________________

EXAMPLE superfluous

6. cado

_________________

EXAMPLE cadence

7. orior

_________________

EXAMPLE Orient

8. dis-

_________________

EXAMPLE disorient

9. ad- (ac-)

_________________

EXAMPLE accident

10. doleo

_________________

EXAMPLE indolent

11. in-

_________________

EXAMPLE indolence