How to Check Your Standing as an Amateur Etymologist
Answers to Teaser Questions in Chapters 3–7, 9–12, and 14–16 · Sessions 48–49 · Source
Chapter 3: Teaser Answers
1. Anthropocentric (anʹ-thrƏ-pƏ-SENʹ-trik), an adjective built on anthropos, mankind; Greek kentron, center, and the adjective suffix -ic, describes thinking, assumptions, reasoning, etc. that see mankind as the central fact, or ultimate aim, of the universe. The noun forms are either anthropocentrism (anʹ-thrƏ-pƏ-SENʹ-triz-Əm) or anthropocentricity (anʹ-thrƏ-pōʹ-sƏn-TRISʹ-Ə-tee).
Anthropocentric — mankind-centered thinking, built on anthropos (mankind) + kentron (center) + -ic.
2. Andromania (anʹ-drƏ-MAYʹ-nee-Ə), a combination of andros, man (male), plus mania, madness, signifies an obsession with males. Person: andromaniac, one who is mad about men; adjective: andromaniacal (anʹ-drƏ-mƏ-NĪʹ-Ə-kƏl).
Andromania — obsession with males, from andros (man) + mania (madness).
3. Gynandrous (jī-NANʹ-drƏs), combining gyne, woman, with andros, man (male), describes: a. plants in which the male and female organs are united in the same column; or b. people who physically have both male and female sexual organs, often one or both in rudimentary form; or c. (a more recent meaning) people who exhibit, or are willing to own up to, the male and female emotional characteristics that everyone possesses.
The word may have the roots in reverse, becoming androgynous (an-DROJʹ-Ə-nƏs), with all three meanings identical to those of gynandrous.
Hermaphroditic (hur-mafʹ-rƏ-DITʹ-ik), a combination of Hermes, the Greek god who served as messenger or herald (in Roman mythology, this god was known as Mercury, and is conventionally pictured with wings on his heels), and Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love and beauty (in Roman mythology, Venus), has either of the first two meanings of gynandrous.
The noun form of gynandrous is gynandry (jī-NANʹ-dree); of androgynous, androgyny (an-DROJʹ-Ə-nee); of hermaphroditic, hermaphroditism (hur-MAFʹ-rƏ-dīʹ-tiz-Əm).
The individual plant is an androgyne (ANʹ-drƏ-jin); plant or person, a hermaphrodite (hur-MAFʹ-rƏ-dītʹ).
Gynandrous / Androgynous / Hermaphroditic — having both male and female characteristics.
4. Monomania (mon-Ə-MAYʹ-nee-Ə), combining monos, one, and mania, madness, is an obsession with one thing, or obsessiveness in one area. Person: monomaniac; adjective: monomaniacal (monʹ-Ə-mƏ-NĪʹ-Ə-kƏl).
Monomania — obsession with one thing, from monos (one) + mania (madness).
5. A misandrist (mis-ANʹ-drist), combining misein, to hate, with andros, man (male), hates men. Noun: misandry (mis-ANʹ-dree). Adjective: misandrous (mis-ANʹ-drƏs).
Misandrist — one who hates men, from misein (to hate) + andros (man).
Chapter 3: Check Your Learning
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anthropos (example: anthropocentric)
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kentron (example: anthropocentrism)
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andros (example: andromania)
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mania (example: andromaniac)
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gyne (example: gynandrous)
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Hermes (example: hermaphrodite)
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Aphrodite (example: hermaphroditic)
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monos (example: monomania)
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misein (example: misandry)
KEY: 1–mankind, 2–center, 3–man (male), 4–madness, 5–woman, 6–Greek god, messenger, 7–Greek goddess of love, 8–one, 9–to hate
Chapter 4: Teaser Answers
1. Pedodontia (pee-dƏ-DONʹ-shƏ) is the specialty of child dentistry — paidos, child, plus odontos, tooth. Specialist: pedodontist. Adjective: pedodontic.
Pedodontia — child dentistry, from paidos (child) + odontos (tooth).
2. Cardialgia (kahrʹ-dee-ALʹ-jƏ), heart pain — kardia, heart, plus algos, pain.
Cardialgia — heart pain, from kardia (heart) + algos (pain).
3. Odontalgia (ōʹ-don-TALʹ-jƏ), toothache.
Odontalgia — toothache, from odontos (tooth) + algos (pain).
4. Nostalgia (nos-TALʹ-jƏ). Adjective: nostalgic.
Nostalgia — longing for a return, from nostos (a return) + algos (pain).
Chapter 4: Check Your Learning
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paidos (ped-) (example: pedodontia)
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kardia (example: cardialgia)
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algos (example: odontalgia)
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odontos (example: pedodontist)
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nostos (example: nostalgia)
KEY: 1–child, 2–heart, 3–pain, 4–tooth, 5–a return
Chapter 5: Teaser Answers
1. Eighty to eighty-nine years old. From Latin octoginta, eighty. People of other ages are as follows:
(a) 50–59: quinquagenarian (kwinʹ-kwƏ-jƏ-NAIRʹ-ee-Ən)
(b) 60–69: sexagenarian (seksʹ-Ə-jƏ-NAIRʹ-ee-Ən)
(c) 70–79: septuagenarian (sepʹ-chōō-Ə-jƏ-NAIRʹ-ee-Ən)
(d) 90–99: nonagenarian (nonʹ-Ə-jƏ-NAIRʹ-ee-Ən)
(e) 100 and over: centenarian (senʹ-te-NAIRʹ-ee-Ən)
Octogenarian — aged 80–89, from Latin octoginta (eighty). Other age words from their Latin number roots.
2. Cacophony (kƏ-KOFʹ-Ə-nee). Adjective: cacophonous (kƏ-KOFʹ-Ə-nƏs).
Cacophony — harsh, discordant sound, from kakos (ugly, bad) + phone (sound).
3. Cacopygian (kakʹ-Ə-PIJʹ-ee-Ən).
Cacopygian — having ugly buttocks, from kakos (ugly) + pyge (buttock).
4. Telescope (tele- plus skopein, to view) or telebinoculars; telephone; television.
Telescope — viewing from a distance, from tele- (far) + skopein (to view).
Chapter 5: Check Your Learning
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octoginta (example: octogenarian)
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quinquaginta (example: quinquagenarian)
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sexaginta (example: sexagenarian)
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septuaginta (example: septuagenarian)
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nonaginta (example: nonagenarian)
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centum (example: centenarian)
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kakos (example: cacophony)
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phone (example: cacophonous)
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pyge (example: cacopygian)
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tele- (example: television)
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skopein (example: telescope)
KEY: 1–eighty, 2–fifty, 3–sixty, 4–seventy, 5–ninety, 6–one hundred, 7–ugly, harsh, bad, 8–sound, 9–buttock, 10–distance, from afar, 11–to view
Chapter 6: Teaser Answers
1. Sophomore; from sophos plus moros, foolish, the word etymologically designates one who is half wise and half foolish. The adjective sophomoric (sof-Ə-MAWRʹ-ik) describes people, attitudes, statements, writings, etc. that are highly opinionated, self-assured, and coming off as if wise, but which in reality are immature, inexperienced, foolish, etc.
Sophomore — from sophos (wise) + moros (foolish). Sophomoric — immature, opinionated.
2. Sophisticated (sƏ-FISʹ-tƏ-kayʹ-tƏd). The verb is sophisticate, the noun sophistication. One who is worldly-wise is a sophisticate (sƏ-FISʹ-tƏ-kƏt).
Sophisticated has in recent years taken on the added meaning of highly developed, mature, or complicated; appealing to a mature intellect; or aware and knowledgeable. Examples: sophisticated machinery, electronic equipment; a sophisticated approach; a sophisticated audience, group, staff, faculty, etc.
Sophisticated — worldly-wise; also: highly developed, mature, complicated.
3. One who is obsessed with books, especially with collecting books.
Bibliomaniac — one obsessed with collecting books, from biblion (book) + mania (madness).
4. (a) speaking one language, (b) speaking two languages, (c) speaking three languages.
Multilingual (multus, many, plus lingua) — speaking many languages.
A linguist is one who is fluent in many languages, or else an expert in linguistics (or both).
Multus, as indicated, means many, as in multitude, multiply, multiple, multicolored, multifarious, multilateral, etc., etc.
Monolingual (one language), bilingual (two), trilingual (three), multilingual (many). Linguist — expert in languages or linguistics.
5. (a) France, (b) Russia, (c) Spain, (d) Germany, (e) Japan, (f) China.
Franco- (France), Russo- (Russia), Hispano- (Spain), Germano- (Germany), Nippono- (Japan), Sino- (China).
6. (a) androphile, (b) gynephile (or philogynist), (c) pedophile, (d) zoophile, (e) botanophile.
But pedophilia (peeʹ-dƏ-FILʹ-ee-Ə) is another story. A pedophiliac sexually molests young children — such love little kids can do without!
Androphile (lover of men), gynephile (lover of women), pedophile (lover of children), zoophile (lover of animals), botanophile (lover of plants).
Chapter 6: Check Your Learning
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1. sophos (example: sophomore)
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2. moros (example: sophomoric)
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3. biblion (example: bibliomaniac)
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4. mania (example: bibliomania)
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5. lingua (example: linguist)
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6. monos (example: monolingual)
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7. bi- (example: bilingual)
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8. tri- (example: trilingual)
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9. multus (example: multilingual)
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10. Franco- (example: Francophile)
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11. Russo- (example: Russophile)
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12. Hispano- (example: Hispanophile)
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13. Germano- (example: Germanophile)
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14. Nippono- (example: Nipponophile)
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15. Sino- (example: Sinophile)
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16. andros (example: androphile)
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17. gyne (example: gynephile)
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18. philein (example: philogynist)
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19. paidos (ped-) (example: pedophile)
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20. zoion (example: zoophile)
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21. botane (example: botanophile)
KEY: 1–wise, 2–foolish, 3–book, 4–madness, 5–tongue, 6–one, 7–two, 8–three, 9–many, 10–France, 11–Russia, 12–Spain, 13–Germany, 14–Japan, 15–China, 16–man (male), 17–woman, 18–to love, 19–child, 20–animal, 21–plant
Chapter 7: Teaser Answers
1. A notable is someone well-known.
Notable — someone well-known, from notus (known).
2. To notify is, etymologically, to make known — notus + -fy, a derivation of facio, to make.
Notice, as a noun, is what makes something known; to notice, as a verb, is to observe (something or someone) so that it, he, or she becomes known to the observer.
-Fy, as a verb suffix, means to make. So simplify is to make simple, clarify, to make clear; liquefy, to make liquid; putrefy, to make (or become) rotten or putrid; stupefy, to make stupid, or dumb, with astonishment (note the -e preceding the suffix in liquefy, putrefy, stupefy); fortify, to make strong; rectify, to make right or correct; etc., etc.
Notify — to make known. -Fy suffix means "to make" (simplify, clarify, liquefy, etc.).
3. Chronograph (KRONʹ-Ə-grafʹ) is an instrument that measures and records short intervals of time.
Chronograph — instrument that measures and records short intervals of time, from chronos (time) + graphein (to write).
4. To generate is to give birth to, figuratively, or to create or produce, as a turbine generates power, a person's presence generates fear, etc. The noun is generation, which, in another context, also designates the people born and living about the same time (the older, previous, or next generation, the Depression generation, etc.), or a period, conventionally set at about thirty years, between such groups of people.
To regenerate is to give birth to again, or to be born again. Some creatures can regenerate new limbs or parts if these are lost or cut off — or the limbs or parts regenerate.
Re- means, of course, again; or, in some words, as recede, regress, etc., back.
Generate — to give birth to, create. Regenerate — to give birth to again. Re- means again (or back).
5. Omnipotent (om-NIPʹ-Ə-tƏnt) — all-powerful; omnis plus potens, potentis, powerful.
Omnipresent (omʹ-nƏ-PREZʹ-Ənt) — present all over, or everywhere.
Nouns: omnipotence, omnipresence.
Omnipotent — all-powerful; Omnipresent — present everywhere. From omnis (all).
6. Anaphrodisiac (Ən-afʹ-rƏ-DIZʹ-ee-akʹ) — both a noun and an adjective. Saltpeter is supposedly an anaphrodisiac; so, some people say, is a cold shower, which is highly doubtful. The best temporary anaphrodisiac is probably sexual intercourse. Some women who were teen-agers when Elvis Presley was at the height of his popularity have told me that the young man's gyrating hips were aphrodisiacal — I will take their word for it, as Elvis has never turned me on. On the other hand, if you want to talk about Diane Keaton or Raquel Welch ... or especially Marilyn Monroe...
Anaphrodisiac — something that dampens sexual desire. An- = not (negative prefix).
Chapter 7: Check Your Learning
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1. notus (example: notify)
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2. chronos (example: chronograph)
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3. graphein (example: chronographic)
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4. genesis (example: generate)
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5. re- (example: regenerate)
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6. omnis (example: omnipotent)
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7. potens, potentis (example: omnipotence)
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8. an- (example: anaphrodisiac)
KEY: 1–known, 2–time, 3–to write, 4–birth, 5–again, 6–all, 7–powerful, 8–not (negative)
Chapter 9: Teaser Answers
1. Magnanimity (magʹ-nƏ-NIMʹ-Ə-tee). Adjective: magnanimous (mag-NANʹ-Ə-mƏs).
Magnanimity — greatness of mind/spirit, from magnus (big, large, great) + animus (mind).
2. Bilateral (bī-LATʹ-Ər-Əl), as in a bilateral decision, i.e., one made by the two sides or two people involved. On the other hand, a unilateral (yōō-nƏ-LATʹ-Ər-Əl) decision is made by one person, without consultation with others.
Bilateral — involving two sides; Unilateral — one-sided, from bi- (two) / unus (one) + latus (side).
3. Transcribe. Noun: transcription. A stenographer transcribes shorthand notes into English words, or a musical transcriber arranges or adapts a musical composition for an instrument, group, etc. other than the one for which the work was originally written.
Transcribe — to write across (from one form to another), from trans- (across) + scribo (to write).
4. Malaria was once thought to have been caused by the "bad air" of swamps; actually, it was (and is) transmitted to humans by infected anopheles mosquitoes breeding and living in swamps and other places where there is stagnant water.
Malaria — literally "bad air," from malus (bad, evil) + aria (air).
5. Confection. The word is hardly used much today with this meaning, except perhaps by members of an older generation who remember confectioner's shops and confectionery stores. Now such places are called ice cream stores (or ice cream parlors) and are run, at least on the west coast, by Baskin-Robbins or Farrell's; or they are called candy shops; or, when I was growing up, candy stores, where the kids all hung out, and candies could be bought for a penny apiece, with Hershey bars selling for a nickel (that's why they are called "the good old days").
Confection — a sweet preparation, from con- (together) + facio (to make).
Chapter 9: Check Your Learning
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1. magnus (example: magnanimous)
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2. animus (example: magnanimity)
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3. bi- (example: bilateral)
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4. unus (example: unilateral)
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5. latus, lateris (example: unilateral)
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6. trans- (example: transcribe)
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7. scribo, scriptus (example: transcription)
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8. malus (example: malaria)
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9. con- (example: confection)
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10. facio (fec-) (example: confectionery)
KEY: 1–big, large, great; 2–mind; 3–two; 4–one; 5–side; 6–across; 7–to write; 8–bad, evil; 9–together; 10–to make
Chapter 10: Teaser Answers
1. Modus operandi. Method (or mode) of working (or operating). Pronounced Mōʹ-dƏs opʹ-Ə-RANʹ-dī, the word is not, of course, restricted to the special methods used by a criminal, but may refer to the method or style of operating characteristic of any other professional. Modus vivendi (MōʹdƏs vƏ-VENʹ-dī), etymologically "method of living," is the style of life characteristic of a person or group.
Modus operandi — method of working. Modus vivendi — method/style of living.
2. Circumscription. To circumscribe also means, figuratively, to write (a line) around (one's freedom of action), so that one is restricted, limited, hemmed in, as in, "a life circumscribed by poverty, by parental injunctions, or by an overactive conscience, etc.," or "actions circumscribed by legal restraints." The noun circumscription has the figurative meaning also.
Circumscription — a writing around; restriction. From circum- (around) + scribo (to write).
3. Somniloquent (sƏm-NILʹ-Ə-kwƏnt). Noun: somniloquence (sƏm-NILʹ-Ə-kwƏns) or somniloquy (sƏm-NILʹ-Ə-kwee), the latter noun also designating the words spoken by the sleeper. One who habitually talks while asleep is a somniloquist (sƏm-NILʹ-Ə-kwist).
Somniloquent — talking in one's sleep, from somnus (sleep) + loquor (to speak).
4. An aurist is an ear specialist, more commonly called an otologist (ō-TOLʹ-Ə-jist), from Greek otos, ear. Noun: otology. Adjective: otological (ō-tƏ-LOJʹ-Ə-kƏl).
It is difficult at this point to resist telling a well-known story about medical specialists. In fact it's impossible to resist, so here it is:
A dentist, doing his first extraction on a patient, was understandably nervous. When he got the molar out, his hand shook, he lost his grip on the instrument, and the tooth dropped down into the patient's throat.
"Sorry," said the doctor. "You're outside my specialty now. You should see a laryngologist! [lairʹ-ing-GOLʹ-Ə-jist -- a larynx or throat specialist]."
By the time the unfortunate victim got to the laryngologist, the tooth had worked its way much further down.
The laryngologist examined the man. "Sorry," said the doctor, "You're outside my specialty now. You should see a gastrologist! [gas-TROLʹ-Ə-jist -- a stomach specialist]."
The gastrologist X-rayed the patient. "Sorry," said the doctor, "the tooth has traveled into your lower intestines. You should see an enterologist! [enʹ-tƏ-ROLʹ-Ə-jist -- an intestinal specialist]."
The enterologist took some X rays. "Sorry, the tooth isn't there. It must have gone down farther. You should see a proctologist! [prok-TOLʹ-Ə-jist -- a specialist in diseases of the rectum; from Greek proktos, anus]."
Our patient is now on the proctologist's examining table, in the proper elbow-knee position. The doctor has inserted a proctoscope and is looking through it.
"Good heavens, man! You've got a tooth up there! You should see a dentist!"
Aurist / Otologist — ear specialist. From Latin auris (ear) / Greek otos (ear).
5. Aural (AWR-Əl) refers to the ears or to the sense or phenomenon of hearing. Monaural reproduction, as of music over a radio or by a phonograph record, for example, has only one source of sound, and technically should be called monophonic (monʹ-Ə-FONʹ-ik) -- monos, one, plus phone, sound. Binaural may mean having two ears or involving the use of both ears, or, recently, descriptive of sound from two sources, giving a stereophonic (steerʹ-ee-Ə-FONʹ-ik) effect -- stereos, deep, solid, plus phone.
Aural — relating to the ear/hearing. Monaural (one ear), binaural (two ears), stereophonic (deep/solid + sound).
6. A noctambulist (nok-TAMʹ-byƏ-list) walks at night -- nox, noctis, night, plus ambulo, to walk. Noun: noctambulism (nok-TAMʹ-byƏ-liz-Əm).
Noctambulist — one who walks at night, from nox/noctis (night) + ambulo (to walk).
7. Somnific (som-NIFʹ-ik): a somnific lecture, movie, effect, etc.
Somnific — sleep-inducing, from somnus (sleep) + facio (to make).
8. Circumambulate (surʹ-kƏm-AMʹ-byƏ-laytʹ). To circumnavigate is to sail around -- circum, around, plus navis, ship.
Circumambulate — to walk around. Circumnavigate — to sail around.
Chapter 10: Check Your Learning
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1. modus (example: modus operandi)
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2. operandi (example: modus operandi)
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3. vivo (example: modus vivendi)
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4. circum- (example: circumscribe)
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5. scribo, scriptus (example: circumscription)
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6. somnus (example: somniloquent)
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7. loquor (example: somniloquence)
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8. auris (example: aurist)
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9. otos (example: otology)
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10. proktos (example: proctologist)
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11. stereos (example: stereophonic)
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12. phone (example: stereophonic)
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13. monos (example: monaural)
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14. bi- (example: binaural)
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15. nox, noctis (example: noctambulist)
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16. ambulo (example: noctambulism)
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17. facio (fic-) (example: somnific)
KEY: 1–mode, method; 2–of working; 3–to live; 4–around; 5–to write; 6–sleep; 7–to speak, to talk; 8–ear; 9–ear; 10–anus; 11–deep, solid; 12–sound; 13–one; 14–two; 15–night; 16–to walk; 17–to make
Chapter 11: Teaser Answers
1. Matronymic (matʹ-rƏ-NIMʹ-ik). Or, if you prefer to use the Greek root for mother (meter, metr-), metronymic. The Greek word metra, uterus, derives from meter, naturally enough, so metritis is inflammation of the uterus; metralgia is uterine pain; endometriosis (enʹ-dō-meeʹ-tree-Ōʹ-sis) is any abnormal condition of the uterine lining — endo, inside; metra, uterus; -osis, abnormal condition.
Matronymic / metronymic — a name derived from the mother, from mater (mother) + onyma (name).
2. (a) An incendiary statement, remark, speech, etc. figuratively enflames an audience, sets them afire, gets them excited, galvanizes them into action, etc.
(b) Incense (INʹ-sens) is a substance that sends off a pleasant odor when burned — often, but not necessarily, to mask unpleasant or telltale smells, as of marijuana smoke, etc.
(c) To incense (in-SENSʹ) is to anger greatly, i.e., to "burn up."
Incendiary / incense — from Latin incendo, incensus (to set on fire).
3. (a) Ardent (AHRʹ-dƏnt) — burning with zeal, ambition, love, etc., as an ardent suitor, worker, etc.
(b) Ardor (AHRʹ-dƏr) — the noun form of ardent — burning passion, zeal, enthusiasm, etc. Alternate noun: ardency (AHRʹ-dƏn-see).
Ardent / ardor — from Latin ardo (to burn).
4. Megaphone.
Megaphone — a device for making sound big, from megalo- (big, large, great) + phone (sound).
5. Megalopolis (megʹ-Ə-LOPʹ-Ə-lis).
Megalopolis — a very large city, from megalo- (big, large, great) + polis (city).
6. Police. Politics.
Police / Politics — both from Greek polis (city).
7. Bibliokleptomaniac (bibʹ-lee-ō-klepʹ-tƏ-MAYʹ-nee-ak): one who has an obsession for stealing books. Also: Gynekleptomaniac. Pedokleptomaniac. Androkleptomaniac. Demokleptomaniac. If you prefer to use shorter words, compulsive kidnapper or obsessive abductor will do as well for these words.
Bibliokleptomaniac — obsessive book-stealer, from biblion (book) + kleptein (to steal) + mania (madness).
8. Acromaniac. Agoramaniac. Claustromaniac.
Acromaniac — obsession with heights (akros, highest). Agoramaniac — obsession with open spaces (agora, market place). Claustromaniac — obsession with enclosed spaces (claustrum, enclosed place).
9. Kleptophobe; pyrophobe; gynephobe; androphobe; demophobe. Triskaidekaphobia (trisʹ-kĪ-dekʹ-Ə-FŌʹ-bee-Ə) is the morbid dread of the number 13, from Greek triskai, three, deka, ten, and phobia.
Triskaidekaphobia — fear of 13, from triskai (three) + deka (ten) + phobia (fear).
10. Gnosiology (nōʹ-see-OLʹ-Ə-jee), the science or study of knowledge.
Gnosiology — the study of knowledge, from gnosis (knowledge) + logos (study).
11. Amadeus is love (Latin amor) God (Latin deus). Theophilus is love (Greek philos) God (Greek theos). Gottlieb is love (German Lieb) God (German Gott). Perhaps this explains why he started composing at the age of four and wrote forty-one symphonies.
Amadeus / Theophilus / Gottlieb — all mean "love God" in Latin, Greek, and German respectively.
12. Cellophane — cellulose made to be transparent, i.e., to show what's wrapped in it.
Cellophane — from cellulose + Greek phanein (to show).
13. Hypoglycemia (hĪ-pō-glĪ-SEEʹ-mee-Ə) — low blood sugar (Greek hypos, under; glykys, sweet; haima, blood). Haima, blood, is found in many English words: (a) Hemorrhage — excessive blood flow. (b) Anemia — "no blood" — actually a pathological reduction of red blood corpuscles. (c) Hematology — science of blood (and its diseases). (d) Hemophilia — "love of blood" — actually a hereditary condition, occurring in males, in which the blood clots too slowly. (e) Hemoglobin — "blood globules" — actually the red coloring matter of the red blood corpuscles. Hyperglycemia is the opposite of hypoglycemia.
Hypoglycemia — low blood sugar, from hypos (under) + glykys (sweet) + haima (blood).
14. (a) Pantheon (PANʹ-thee-onʹ) — a temple built in Rome in 27 B.C. for "all the gods."
(b) Pandemonium (panʹ-dƏ-MŌʹ-nee-Əm) — a word supposedly coined by poet John Milton in Paradise Lost to signify the dwelling place of all the demons; now any wild and noisy disorder.
(c) Panorama (panʹ-Ə-RAMʹ-Ə or panʹ-Ə-RAHʹ-mƏ) — a view (or a picture of such a view) all around — pan, all, plus horama, view. The adjective: panoramic (panʹ-Ə-RAMʹ-ik).
Pantheon / Pandemonium / Panorama — all from Greek pan (all).
15. Monarchy — rule by one person.
Monarchy — from monos (one) + archein (to rule).
Chapter 11: Check Your Learning
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1. mater, matris (example: matronymic)
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2. onyma (example: metronymic)
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3. meter (example: metronymic)
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4. metra (example: metritis)
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5. endo- (example: endometriosis)
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6. incendo, incensus (example: incendiary)
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7. ardo (example: ardent)
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8. megalo- (example: megalopolis)
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9. polis (example: police)
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10. demos (example: demokleptomaniac)
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11. akros (example: acromaniac)
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12. agora (example: agoramaniac)
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13. claustrum (example: claustromaniac)
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14. triskai (example: triskaidekaphobia)
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15. deka (example: triskaidekaphobia)
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16. gnosis (example: gnosiology)
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17. amor (example: Amadeus)
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18. deus (example: deity)
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19. theos (example: Theophilus)
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20. philos (example: hemophilia)
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21. phanein (example: cellophane)
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22. hypos (example: hypoglycemia)
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23. glykys (example: hypoglycemia)
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24. haima (example: hemorrhage)
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25. an- (example: anemia)
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26. hyper- (example: hyperglycemia)
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27. pan (example: Pantheon)
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28. horama (example: panorama)
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29. archein (example: monarch)
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30. monos (example: monarchy)
KEY: 1–mother, 2–name, 3–mother, 4–uterus, 5–inside, 6–to set on fire, 7–to burn, 8–big, large, great, 9–city, 10–people, 11–highest, 12–market place, 13–enclosed place, 14–three, 15–ten, 16–knowledge, 17–love, 18–God, 19–God, 20–love, 21–to show, 22–under, 23–sweet, 24–blood, 25–not, negative, 26–over, 27–all, 28–view, 29–to rule, 30–one
Chapter 12: Teaser Answers
1. Sophomore; from sophos plus moros, foolish, the word etymologically designates one who is half wise and half foolish.
Sophomore — half wise, half foolish.
2. Survival — etymologically, living above or beyond (some peril, difficulty, etc.).
Survival — living above or beyond peril.
3. Vivid — full of life.
Vivid — full of life.
4. (a) Uniform.
(b) Uniform.
(c) Unify (-fy, from facio, to make).
(d) Unity.
(e) Unicycle (Greek kyklos, circle, wheel).
Uniform, Unify, Unity, Unicycle — words built on Latin unus (one).
5. Anniversary — a year has turned.
Anniversary — a year has turned, from annus (year) + verto (to turn).
6. (a) Universe — everything turning as one.
(b) University — highest institute of education — universal subjects taught, learned, etc., i.e., the curriculum covers the universe, is in no way restricted, etc.
Universe — everything turning as one; University — universal subjects taught.
7. (a) Interstate.
(b) International.
(c) Intermediate.
(d) Interrupt (Latin rumpo, ruptus, to break).
(e) Interpersonal.
Words built on inter- (between): Interstate, International, Intermediate, Interrupt, Interpersonal.
8. (a) Intrastate.
(b) Intranational.
(c) Intrapersonal or intrapsychic.
(d) Intramuscular.
Words built on intra- (within): Intrastate, Intranational, Intrapersonal/Intrapsychic, Intramuscular.
Chapter 12: Check Your Learning
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vivo (example: survive)
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podos (example: podium)
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vita (example: vita)
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cornu (example: unicorn)
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kyklos (example: unicycle)
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annus (example: anniversary)
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verto, versus (example: universe)
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unus (example: university)
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inter- (example: interstate)
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intra- (example: intrapsychic)
KEY: 1–to live, 2–foot, 3–life, 4–horn, 5–circle, wheel; 6–year, 7–to turn, 8–one, 9–between, 10–within
Chapter 14: Teaser Answers
1. "View of Death."
Thanatopsis — "View of Death," from thanatos (death) + opsis (view).
2. Thanatology.
Thanatology — the study of death, from thanatos (death) + logos (study).
3. (a) Prophesy (PROFʹ-Ə-sīʹ).
(b) Prophecy (PROFʹ-Ə-see).
(c) Prophet (PROFʹ-Ət).
Prophesy (verb), Prophecy (noun), Prophet (person) — from pro- (beforehand) + pheme (voice).
4. (a) Predict.
(b) Prediction.
Predict / Prediction — to say beforehand, from pre- (before) + dico (to say).
5. Nostopathy — "disease" (tensions, insecurities, conflicts) on returning home after leaving the service. Some veterans could not face the freedom and responsibilities of being on their own. The Army, Navy, or Air Force had fed and clothed them and made decisions for them; now they had to readjust to civilian life.
Nostopathy — disease on returning home, from nostos (a return) + pathos (disease, suffering).
6. (a) Vulpicide.
(b) Lupicide.
(c) Felicide.
(d) Ursicide.
Animal-killing words: Vulpicide (fox), Lupicide (wolf), Felicide (cat), Ursicide (bear).
7. (a) Piscivorous (pƏ-SIVʹ-Ər-Əs).
(b) Insectivorous (inʹ-sek-TIVʹ-Ər-Əs).
Piscivorous — fish-eating; Insectivorous — insect-eating.
8. Canaries, what else?
Canaries — named after the Canary Islands, which were named for the dogs (canis) found there.
9. Potentiate (pƏ-TENʹ-shee-aytʹ).
Potentiate — to make powerful or potent, from potens (powerful).
Chapter 14: Check Your Learning
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thanatos (example: thanatology)
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logos (example: thanatology)
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opsis (example: Thanatopsis)
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pheme (example: prophecy)
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pro- (example: prophet)
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pre- (example: predict)
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dico, dictus (example: predict)
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nostos (example: nostopathy)
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pathos (example: nostopathy)
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vulpus (example: vulpicide)
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lupus (example: lupicide)
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felis (example: felicide)
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ursus (example: ursicide)
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piscis (example: piscivorous)
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voro (example: insectivorous)
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caedo (-cide) (example: insecticide)
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canis (example: canary)
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potens, potentis (example: potentiate)
KEY: 1–death, 2–science, study; 3–view, 4–voice, 5–beforehand, 6–before, 7–to say or tell, 8–a return, 9–disease, 10–fox, 11–wolf, 12–cat, 13–bear, 14–fish, 15–devour, 16–to kill (killing), 17–dog, 18–powerful
Chapter 15: Teaser Answers
1. Synagogue.
Synagogue — a place of assembly, from syn- (together) + agogos (leading).
2. Symbiosis (simʹ-bī-Ōʹ-sis). Adjective: symbiotic (simʹ-bī-OTʹ-ik). People (for example lovers, spouses, parent and child, etc.) also may live in a symbiotic relationship, each depending on the other for important services, emotional needs, etc.; each also providing these for the other.
Symbiosis — living together in mutual dependence, from syn- (together) + bios (life).
3. Symphony; symphonic.
Symphony — sounds together, from syn- (together) + phone (sound).
4. Symmetry (SIMʹ-Ə-tree); symmetrical (sƏ-METʹ-rƏ-kƏl) or symmetric (sƏ-METʹ-rik).
Symmetry — equal measurement on both sides, from syn- (together) + metron (measurement).
5. Syndrome (SINʹ-drōm).
Syndrome — symptoms running together, from syn- (together) + dromos (a running).
6. Hippodrome (HIPʹ-Ə-drōmʹ); the word today is often used as the name of a movie theater or other place of entertainment.
Hippodrome — a place where horses run, from hippos (horse) + dromos (a running).
7. Hippopotamus.
Hippopotamus — river horse, from hippos (horse) + potamos (river).
Chapter 15: Check Your Learning
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syn- (example: synagogue)
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agogos (example: synagogue)
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bios (example: symbiosis)
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phone (example: symphonic)
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metron (example: symmetry)
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dromos (example: syndrome)
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hippos (example: hippodrome)
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potamos (example: hippopotamus)
KEY: 1–with, together; 2–leader, leading; 3–life; 4–sound; 5–measurement; 6–a running; 7–horse; 8–river
Chapter 16: Teaser Answers
1. Non sequitur (non SEKʹ-wƏ-tƏr) — "it does not follow."
Non sequitur — "it does not follow," from sequor (to follow).
2. (a) Second — following after the first.
(b) Consecutive — following in proper order.
(c) Persecute — to follow (i.e., pursue) through and through; hence to annoy, harass continually for no good reason.
(d) Prosecute — to follow before; hence to pursue (something) diligently or vigorously in order to complete it successfully (prosecute a campaign); or to start, or engage in, legal proceedings against, especially in an official capacity.
Words from sequor (to follow): Second, Consecutive, Persecute, Prosecute.
3. (a) Superior.
(b) Superficial.
(c) Superfluous (sƏ-PURʹ-flōō-Əs). Noun: superfluity (sōōʹ-pƏr-FLOO'-Ə-tee).
(d) Supernatural.
(e) Supervise.
Words from super- (above): Superior, Superficial, Superfluous, Supernatural, Supervise.
4. (a) Cadence (KAYʹ-dƏns) — fall and rise of the voice in speaking; hence inflection, rhythm beat, etc. of sound or music. Adjective: cadent (KAYʹ-dƏnt).
(b) Occidental (okʹ-sƏ-DENʹ-tƏl) — etymologically, falling. Hence relating to western countries, since the sun falls in the west; also, a native of such a country. Noun: Occident (OKʹ-sƏ-dƏnt). The sun rises in the east, so Latin orior, to rise, is the origin of the Orient, oriental, etc., and also of the verb orient (AWʹ-ree-entʹ). To orient is to adjust to a place or situation; etymologically, to turn, or face, east. Noun: orientation. "I'm finally oriented" does not mean that I'm easternized or facing east, but that I have become familiar with, and comfortable in, a place, job, situation, etc. So to disorient (dis-AWʹ-ree-entʹ) is to remove (someone's) orientation, or to confuse or bewilder, especially in reference to locality, direction, etc. Noun: disorientation.
(c) Deciduous (dƏ-SIJʹ-ōō-Əs) — falling down (Latin prefix de-). This adjective refers to trees whose leaves fall (down) every autumn.
(d) Incident — that which falls upon, befalls, or happens.
(e) Accident — that which falls to (ac- is a respelling of ad-, to, toward) someone or something (by chance).
(f) Coincidence — co- is a respelling of con-, together. A coincidence occurs when two things befall, or happen, together, or at the same time, and by chance.
Words from cado (to fall): Cadence, Occidental, Deciduous, Incident, Accident, Coincidence.
5. Indolent (INʹ-dƏ-lƏnt). Noun: indolence (INʹ-dƏ-lƏns).
Indolent — lazy, without pain/grief, from in- (not) + doleo (to suffer).
6. Dolores — from Spanish Maria de los Dolores, Mary of the Sorrows; hence, I guess, someone who is generally sorrowful, though the few Doloreses I have known do not live up to their etymology.
Dolores — from Spanish "Mary of the Sorrows," from doleo (to suffer, to grieve).
Chapter 16: Check Your Learning
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sequor, secutus (example: non sequitur, second)
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per- (example: persecute)
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pro- (example: prosecute)
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super- (example: superior)
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fluo (example: superfluous)
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cado (example: cadence)
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orior (example: Orient)
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dis- (example: disorient)
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ad- (ac-) (example: accident)
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doleo (example: indolent)
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in- (example: indolence)
KEY: 1–to follow, 2–through, 3–beforehand, 4–above, 5–to flow, 6–to fall, 7–to rise, 8–negative prefix, 9–to, toward; 10–to suffer, to grieve; 11–negative prefix